Research, Talks, & Media Appearances
Restoration Showcase | Reef Futures 2024
Doctoral Thesis Award for Future Generations 2017
Doctoral Thesis Award | Interview
SSUNGA 78: Transdisciplinary approaches
L'éducation comme levier de changement | TEDxAnkilifaly
Doctoral Thesis Award for Future Generations 2017
Doctoral Thesis Award | Interview
SSUNGA 78: Transdisciplinary approaches
ARMSRestore - ARMS to reefs
WIOGEN working group on Biodiversity Conservation
Webinar on Blue Carbon Initiatives in IORA
Spot de sensibilisation sur la pollution de la ville de Toliara
Aujourd’hui, nous accueillons le Pr. Gildas Todinanahary, enseignant-chercheur à l’IH.SM de l’Université de Toliara. Il nous fait découvrir son univers de recherche et d’enseignement en sciences marines et biologie marine, tout en partageant son engagement en faveur des communautés locales vivant à proximité des récifs coralliens dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar.
I - Pouvez-vous vous présenter brièvement?
II - En tant qu'enseignant chercheur en sciences marine et halieutique, quel est vôtre rôle principal et quelles sont vos principales missions?
III - Votre thèse, intitulé « Évaluation du potentiel biologique, économique et social de l'élevage communautaire de coraux dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar» a été récompensée par le HERA Doctoral Thesis Awards en 2017 et à nouveau en 2020. Quels ont été les développements et les impacts de cette recherche depuis cette distinction?
IV - Quel regard portez-vous sur l'état actuel de la recherche en biodiversité marine à Madagascar? Quelles sont, selon vous, ses forces et ses défis?
V- Vous concentrez vos recherches sur la conservation des récifs coralliens. Quelles stratégies pensez-vous que Madagascar devrait adopter pour valoriser durablement cette richesse marine au profit des générations futures?
VI - Quel serait votre dernier message pour inspirer et motiver les jeunes malgaches à s'engager dans la recherche scientifique et la préservation de l'environnement?
Today, we welcome Pr. Gildas Todinanahary, a professor and researcher at IH.SM, University of Toliara. He introduces us to his world of research and teaching in marine and fisheries sciences while sharing his commitment to local communities living near coral reefs in southwestern Madagascar.
I – Could you briefly introduce yourself?
I am currently an Associate Professor and Head of the Training and Research Department at the Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (IH.SM). I hold a Ph.D. in Marine Biology from the University of Mons in Belgium.
In 2023, I was invited to teach at Harvard University. I also gave lectures at the University of Mons in 2017 and 2022, as well as at various international institutions and organizations, such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), WIOMSA, and the United Nations General Assembly.
I am a board member of WIOMSA, a member of the Coral Reef Task Force of the Nairobi Convention, and the coordinator of the Madagascar Coral Reef Network.
My work focuses on conservation, research, and education to provide solutions for critical marine ecosystems.
II – As a professor and researcher in marine and fisheries sciences, what is your primary role, and what are your main responsibilities?
My role as a professor and researcher is to educate, mentor, and inspire the next generation of scientists and professionals in marine and fisheries sciences while conducting applied research that contributes to the conservation and sustainable development of marine ecosystems.
My key responsibilities include:
Teaching and Academic Training:
I am responsible for five major courses at IH.SM, including Project Management and Leadership, Scientific Research Methodology, Underwater Exploration and Monitoring, Habitat Restoration and Mapping, and Fisheries Governance and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). I also teach Coral Reef Ecology and Management at the International Training School in the USA and as part of marine biology programs at the Universities of Liège and Mons in Belgium.Mentorship and Supervision:
Over my career, I have supervised 66 students, including 30 Master’s students at IH.SM, 12 undergraduate interns, and 12 short-term professional trainees. Currently, I supervise four Master’s students, two Ph.D. candidates as the primary advisor, and co-supervise five other Ph.D. students. I also mentor international students, such as Global Sustainability Scholars (GSS) and interns from Brussels and Liège universities.Research and Innovation:
My research focuses on topics like coral reef restoration, sustainable aquaculture, remote sensing of marine ecosystems, and ecological resilience assessment. These studies aim to provide concrete solutions to environmental, social, and economic challenges related to critical marine ecosystems.Partnership Development and Mentorship:
Since 2022, I have mentored 2–4 Global Sustainability Scholars and Fellows annually and collaborated with NGOs, academic institutions, and international organizations to amplify the impact of research and training projects.Outreach and Public Engagement:
I actively engage in raising awareness among local communities, students, and policymakers about the importance of preserving marine and coastal biodiversity through educational initiatives and scientific publications.
Impact:
By combining teaching, mentoring, and research, I contribute not only to training competent scientists but also to proposing innovative solutions for the sustainable conservation of marine ecosystems. My goal is to bridge science with practical management and education for long-term impacts on marine biodiversity and coastal community well-being.
III – Your dissertation, titled “Evaluation of the Biological, Economic, and Social Potential of Community-Based Coral Farming in Southwestern Madagascar,” received the HERA Doctoral Thesis Award in 2017 and again in 2020. What developments and impacts have arisen from this research since its recognition?
Since my thesis, this research has evolved to address broader environmental, economic, and social challenges. It has laid the foundation for concrete initiatives and fostered national, regional, and international momentum in coral reef conservation and management.
1. National Developments and Impacts:
Coral Reef Restoration and Management Projects:
Two coral nurseries have been established, one in Toliara and another in Nosy Be, to support reef restoration and artificial reef projects, with backing from the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD) and the Ministry of Fisheries and Blue Economy. In Toamasina, we collaborate with researchers to mitigate environmental impacts linked to port expansion. Along Madagascar’s west coast, several NGOs, local associations, and private companies, with support from technical ministries, are implementing artificial reef projects funded by public and private sources to increase fish biomass.Food Security Support:
Our research strengthens coastal communities’ livelihoods by enhancing fishery resources while improving marine biodiversity.Education and Awareness:
We are developing innovative tools like autonomous reef monitoring structures to track ecosystem health, seed reefs, and generate actionable data for better environmental management.Addressing Coastal Migrations:
With increased internal migration to coastal areas due to dwindling terrestrial resources, our projects target these new challenges by integrating these populations into sustainable management strategies.
2. Regional and Global Developments and Impacts:
Science-to-Policy Initiatives:
We actively contribute to regional initiatives under the Nairobi Convention, particularly within the Coral Reef Task Forces, translating scientific results into concrete recommendations for policymakers.Collaborations with WIOMSA and Other Regional Partners:
We contribute to regional and international coral reef reports (GCRMN) and the creation of a regional coral reef restoration network, supported by the Coral Reef Restoration Consortium. Additionally, we strengthen the capacity of young scientists through initiatives like the WIO Early-Career Scientists Network (WIO-ECSN).Dissemination of Best Practices:
Our projects serve as regional models for integrating local communities into ecological restoration and marine resource management initiatives.
3. Global Vision and Concrete Contributions:
Our research demonstrates how integrated scientific approaches can address Madagascar and the region’s critical needs by combining biodiversity conservation, livelihood improvements, and capacity development for young researchers. By transforming scientific results into applicable solutions, our work enhances marine and coastal ecosystem resilience while improving the quality of life for vulnerable populations. This showcases how scientific research can have tangible impacts on environmental and societal challenges at local and global scales.
IV – What is your perspective on the current state of marine biodiversity research in Madagascar? What are its strengths and challenges?
Marine biodiversity research in Madagascar remains underdeveloped, despite its critical importance for sustainable natural resource management. National institutions play a key role but face significant structural and financial challenges.
1. Strengths:
Renowned Institutions:
The Fisheries and Marine Sciences Institute (IH.SM) at the University of Toliara is a leading public institution with over 60 years of experience in marine and fisheries sciences research and training. The National Oceanographic Research Center (CNRO) in Nosy Be complements this network by specializing in targeted research.Scientific Excellence:
Research from these institutions is published in high-impact international scientific journals, reflecting the quality and relevance of their work. Over the past 40 years, IH.SM has trained senior officials who now serve in ministries, international NGOs such as WWF and Conservation International, and private companies utilizing marine biodiversity.Growing Interest:
There is increasing awareness among young people and certain organizations, signaling renewed interest in marine biodiversity research. Private entities, such as the Madagascar Biodiversity and Protected Areas Foundation (FAPBM), are beginning to fund marine conservation projects.
2. Challenges:
Chronic Underfunding:
National financial resources, whether governmental or private, are nearly nonexistent for marine research. While international funding is significant, it often excludes crucial needs such as acquiring large equipment, building research infrastructure, and recruiting high-level researchers.High Cost of Marine Research:
Logistical and technical constraints, such as accessing remote marine sites or acquiring specialized equipment (e.g., underwater drones, research vessels), significantly increase costs.Brain Drain:
Although we train excellent Malagasy researchers, the limited capacity of institutions to recruit or offer competitive opportunities leads to talent migration to international organizations or private companies.
3. Opportunities and Perspectives:
Despite these challenges, Madagascar has considerable potential. The reputation of its research centers provides a solid foundation for attracting international collaborations. The rise of private actors and foundations, such as FAPBM, could open new funding pathways. The dynamism of young researchers and growing interest in marine sciences are promising for the future.
Moreover, regional initiatives, such as Madagascar’s active participation in the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) and the Nairobi Convention, strengthen national capacities while contributing to science-based policies at a regional level.
In summary, marine biodiversity research in Madagascar relies on high-quality institutions and recognized expertise but is hindered by a lack of funding and structural resources. Better coordination among national and international actors and the development of appropriate funding mechanisms are essential to fully leverage the potential of marine research and ensure sustainable management of the country’s marine resources.
V – Your research focuses on coral reef conservation. What strategies do you think Madagascar should adopt to sustainably value this marine treasure for future generations?
Madagascar, rich in marine biodiversity but facing widespread poverty, must adopt a conservation approach centered on local communities. These communities should not merely serve as labor for conservation projects that might limit their nutrition and income sources. Instead, they should be the primary beneficiaries and focus of these initiatives, as they directly depend on coral reefs for their livelihoods.
1. Community-Centered Conservation:
Recognize Their Vital Role:
These populations, which rely on reefs for food security and income, should be seen as essential partners and primary beneficiaries of conservation initiatives.Develop Inclusive Approaches:
Conservation projects should integrate local priorities and offer direct benefits, such as alternative income sources (e.g., ecotourism, sustainable aquaculture) or benefit-sharing mechanisms from resource management.Empower Communities:
Strengthen communities’ capacity to manage reefs independently through training, monitoring tools, and educational programs.
2. Integration of Local Needs into National Strategies:
Malagasy laws, such as the Code on Protected Areas, mandate that natural resource management must contribute to poverty reduction. This highlights the need for an approach that places local communities at the center of conservation.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):
Adapt the management of MPAs to meet the nutritional and economic needs of local populations while protecting biodiversity.Valorizing Local Knowledge:
Incorporate traditional community knowledge into strategies for coral reef management and restoration.
3. Conservation Based on Clear and Inclusive Objectives:
Before acting, it is essential to ask fundamental questions: Why and for whom are we conserving coral reefs?
The ultimate goal of conservation must align with the needs of local communities, considering their direct dependence on reefs for:
- Food security: Sustainable fishery resource management.
- Economic well-being: Income-generating activities such as ecotourism or aquaculture.
- Climate resilience: The natural protection reefs provide against coastal erosion.
4. Reducing Pressures on Reefs While Providing Alternatives:
Sustainable Aquaculture:
Develop aquaculture projects to reduce fishing pressure on reefs while providing stable incomes for communities.Ecotourism:
Promote ecosystem-friendly tourism by involving local communities as key actors in managing tourism infrastructure.
5. Strengthening Local Communities and Institutions:
Education and Training:
Train local communities to actively participate in reef conservation and management.Participatory Mechanisms:
Involve communities meaningfully and with minimal external influence in decision-making processes, enabling them to manage and directly benefit from conservation projects.
6. A Context-Adaptive Approach with a Global Vision:
- Adapting Global Trends:
While international objectives, such as SDG 14, are essential, they must be tailored to Madagascar’s realities, where poverty and dependence on natural resources demand pragmatic solutions.
7. Innovative and Inclusive Financing Mechanisms:
- Partner with foundations, NGOs, and businesses to fund projects that prioritize communities in conservation efforts.
- Explore options like payments for ecosystem services with fair benefit-sharing for local communities.
For coral reef conservation in Madagascar to be genuinely sustainable, it must prioritize local communities. Reefs should not only be protected for ecological reasons but also for their fundamental role in the well-being and survival of the populations that depend on them. An inclusive conservation approach, integrating participatory strategies and community-focused initiatives, will preserve this marine wealth while ensuring a better future for generations to come.
VI – What is your final message to inspire and motivate Malagasy youth to engage in scientific research and environmental preservation?
Dear young Malagasy, now is the time to realize the crucial role you can play in preserving our exceptional natural heritage, both terrestrial and marine. Madagascar, with its globally unique biodiversity, is a treasure we must protect and value for future generations.
1. Believe in the Power of Your Ideas and Actions:
Scientific research is not reserved for a privileged few or specific classes. It is accessible to anyone with insatiable curiosity and a desire to understand the world around them. Your ideas, no matter how modest, can have a massive impact when fueled by passion and hard work. Don’t despair over the limitations and weaknesses of our schools. The current context, especially the rise of digital tools, offers the opportunity to learn better and more effectively. Simply learn how to “learn” and work hard to meet the essential needs for pursuing your education. Do small jobs if necessary and leverage family resources and opportunities to continue studying. Remember, “Ny Fianarana no lova tsara indrindra” (Education is the best inheritance).
2. Commit to a Sustainable Future:
Environmental preservation is not only about protecting ecosystems but also about ensuring a better quality of life for all Malagasy communities. Science and conservation offer concrete solutions to challenges like poverty, climate change, and natural resource depletion. By engaging in research and environmental preservation, you contribute to building a future where development and respect for nature coexist harmoniously.
3. Educate Yourself and Dream Big:
Education is the key to transformation. Take advantage of available training, join local and international initiatives, and step out of your comfort zone to explore new opportunities. Shift your perspective and don’t wait for others to do what you envision achieving.
4. Be Ambassadors for Your Environment:
You are the guardians of Madagascar’s natural wealth. Educate those around you, inspire your friends, and show that every action counts by modeling the behavior you wish others to adopt. Scientific research and environmental preservation are not isolated missions; they are collective responsibilities that begin with individual involvement.
In short, together, let us build a sustainable Madagascar proud of its natural wealth. Your commitment can transform Madagascar into a model of sustainable management and innovative conservation. The biodiversity of our island is not only a heritage but also an opportunity to create a prosperous and equitable future. Don’t be afraid to take risks, ask questions, and stand up for your convictions. You are the generation of change, and I firmly believe that your passion, skills, and courage will pave the way for a Madagascar where science, nature, and development go hand in hand. Be proud of who you are and what you can achieve. The future of our country depends on you, and I am confident that you will rise to the challenges brilliantly.